Almost every state in the Union was traversed and mapped by him the Allegheny Mountains being crossed and recrossed some 50 times. In 1807, Maclure commenced the self-imposed task of making a geological survey of the United States. The first geological map of the United States was produced in 1809 by William Maclure. (1874 - ) Photographer: William Henry Jackson Geological and Geographic Survey of the Territories. Geologists are also important contributors to climate change discussions. Their studies are used to warn the general public of the occurrence of these events. They are also in the forefront of preventing and mitigating damage from natural hazards and disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, tsunamis and landslides. Geologists work in the energy and mining sectors searching for natural resources such as petroleum, natural gas, precious and base metals. Geologists can be classified in a larger group of scientists, called geoscientists. Field research (field work) is an important component of geology, although many subdisciplines incorporate laboratory and digitalized work. Geologists usually study geology, earth science, or geophysics, although backgrounds in physics, chemistry, biology, and other sciences are also useful. A geologist is a scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them.
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